WAEC Economics Questions and Answers 2023/2024 (Essay and Objectives)

WAEC Economics Questions and Answers 2023. I will be showing you Economics objectives and theory repeated questions for free in this post. You will also understand how WAEC Economics questions are set and how to answer them.

The West Africa Examinations Council (WAEC) is an examination body in Nigeria that conducts the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination and the General Certificate in Education in May/June and November/December respectively.

The questions below are the WAEC past questions and answers that will help you in your 2023 WAEC Economics Questions.

WAEC Economics Objectives and Essay Answers 2023

2023 WAEC Economics answers will be posted here on Tuesday, 6th June during the exam.

Today’s WAEC Economics answers loading…

WAEC Economics OBJ Answers Loading…

1-10: BAADACDBBA
11-20: ACACDDCBDC
21-30: BDBCBBCBBC
31-40: AAACACACAC
41-50: BBDBCABBBC

3ai)

Money cost refers to the actual monetary expenditure or price of a particular good, service, or resource, for example, if you purchase a smartphone for N50,000, the money cost is N50,000 WHILE Opportunity cost refers to the value of the next best alternative forgone when making a decision. For example, if you choose to buy the smartphone for N50,000, the opportunity cost could be the vacation you could have taken with that money or the other items you could have purchased.

(3aii)

Normal goods are goods for which demand increases as consumer income rises, and demand decreases as consumer income falls. Examples include luxury goods, such as high-end cars, designer clothing, or gourmet food WHILE Inferior goods are goods for which demand decreases as consumer income rises, and demand increases as consumer income falls. Examples of inferior goods include generic store-brand products, low-cost fast food, or public transportation.

(3bi)

INDIVIDUALS:

The scale of preference assist individuals in making efficient allocations of their resources by providing a framework for prioritization, resource allocation, considering opportunity costs, rational decision-making, and adaptability.

(3bii)

FIRMS:

The scale of preference assists firms in making efficient resource allocation decisions by providing a systematic framework to identify preferences, allocate scarce resources, analyze opportunity costs, optimize returns on investment, and adapt to changing circumstances.

(3biii)

GOVERNMENT:

The scale of preference assists governments in making efficient allocations of their resources by considering the priorities, preferences, and needs of the population.

4a)

An economic system is a set of institutions, laws, and customs that determines how economic decisions are made, how goods and services are produced and distributed, and how resources are allocated in a society.

4b)

(i) Aim of production: In a capitalist economy, the aim of production is to maximize profit, while in a socialist economy, the aim of production is to meet the needs of society and ensure social welfare.

(ii) Consumer sovereignty: In a capitalist economy, consumer sovereignty is the principle that consumers determine what goods and services are produced through their purchasing decisions. In a socialist economy, the government determines what goods and services are produced based on the needs of society.

(iii) Competition: In a capitalist economy, competition is encouraged as a means of promoting innovation, efficiency, and consumer choice. In a socialist economy, competition is often discouraged or eliminated in favor of cooperation and collective ownership of the means of production.

4c)

(i) Land is a natural resource that is fixed in supply and cannot be created by human effort.

(ii) Land is heterogeneous, meaning that different parcels of land have different qualities, such as soil fertility, mineral deposits, and climate, that affect their productivity.

(iii) Land is subject to the law of diminishing returns, meaning that as more and more of the other factors of production (labor and capital) are applied to a given parcel of land, the marginal productivity of those factors will eventually decline.

(5a)

A sole proprietorship is a business model where an individual is an owner as well as the operator of the business Whereas A partnership is a business model where two or more persons agree to carry on business and share profits and losses mutually.

(5b)

(i) Sole owner of the business

(ii) Unlimited liability

(iii) No legal entity

(iv) Sole decision maker

(5c)

(i) Generation of Income through Public Issue of Shares: One of the major channels through which Public Limited Companies generate capital is y selling shares to the public.

(ii) Security for Loan Advancement: Public Limited Companies can obtain and secure loans using the assets of the company as security as opposed to using the personal assets of the members.

(iii) Spreading Risks of Ownership: Because a Public Limited Company allows for public and unlimited membership, the risk of ownership is then spread amongst many people as opposed to being centered on a few as in the case of a Private Limited Company.

(iv) Separate Legal Identity: A duly incorporated Public Limited Company has an identity entirely different from that of the members. This means that the company is capable of independent existence and can enter into contractual transactions, acquire and own properties, and has the legal capacity to sue and be sued in its own name.

(6a)

(PICK ANY ONE)

Location of industry may be defined simply as the sitting or establishment of a firm or industry in a particular place. An industry may be established either by individuals or government, either for economic or political reasons

OR

Location of industry refers to the geographical distribution or placement of industrial activities or businesses within a region or country. It focuses on understanding the factors that influence the decisions made by firms when choosing where to establish their production facilities.

(6bi)

Raw materials: Cement producing industries should be located close to sources of raw materials to reduce cost of transportation. Perishable goods like fruits, palm oil industries, etc should be located near their raw materials

(6bii)

Market: There should be ready market for the products of any industry to be sited in a place. Fragile goods like glass, bulky goods like cement and other perishable goods should be located near the market. Such industries located or directed towards the market are called market- oriented industries.

(6biii)

Government policy: Government can encourage the location of industries through certain policies like: Direct participation in setting up of industries. Creation of industrial zones in the country Provision of infrastructures like electricity, pipe-borne water, roads and tele- communications.

(6c)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i)It encourages development: The growth of industries leads to an increase in production of goods and services.

(ii)Emergence of subsidiary firms: As major firms concentrate in one area, other subsidiary service firms that assist those major firms in the production of goods usually emerge.

(iii)Generation of employment: The concentration of many industries in an area leads to the creation of many job opportunities.

(iv)Emergence of organised market: Localisation of industries assists in the emergence of organised market for the products.

(v) Creation of competition: The existence of many industries leads to a healthy competition among them in order to excel or outsell one another.

(vi) Attraction of more people: A highly concentrated industries estates attracts different shades of people to such area for one reason or the other

No (8a)

(PICK ANY ONE)

An embargo refers to a government-imposed restriction or ban on the importation or exportation of certain goods or services to or from a particular country. It is a trade barrier that is typically implemented for political or economic reasons.

OR

An embargo can be defined as a governmental action that prohibits or restricts trade activities between countries which involves the deliberate limitation or complete prohibition of imports or exports of goods, services, or specific products to or from a targeted country.

(8b)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Protecting Domestic Industries: Tariffs can be used to shield domestic industries from foreign competition by making imported goods more expensive. This protectionist measure aims to provide a competitive advantage to domestic producers, allowing them to grow and maintain employment levels.

(ii) Promoting National Security: Tariffs can be employed to safeguard industries that are considered vital for national security, such as defense or critical infrastructure. By discouraging reliance on foreign suppliers, tariffs can ensure a country’s self-sufficiency in essential goods and protect against potential disruptions in the global supply chain.

(iii) Correcting Trade Imbalances: Countries may impose tariffs to address trade imbalances, where the value of imports significantly exceeds that of exports. By making imported goods more costly, tariffs aim to reduce imports and encourage domestic production and export-oriented industries, thereby narrowing the trade deficit.

(iv) Revenue Generation: Tariffs can serve as a revenue source for governments. Import duties levied on imported goods generate income that can be used to fund public services, infrastructure projects, or reduce budget deficits.

(v) Encouraging Fair Trade Practices: Tariffs can be implemented as a response to unfair trade practices, such as dumping or subsidies provided to foreign producers. By imposing tariffs on goods that are sold below their fair market value or benefiting from government subsidies, countries can create a more level playing field for domestic industries.

(vi) Environmental Protection: Tariffs can be used to promote environmentally friendly practices by discouraging the importation of goods produced in countries with lax environmental regulations. This measure aims to prevent the outsourcing of pollution and encourage global adherence to environmental standards.

(vii) Infant Industry Protection: Tariffs can be employed to support the growth of emerging or “infant” industries in a country. By shielding them from foreign competition during their early stages, tariffs provide these industries with a chance to develop, gain competitiveness, and eventually contribute to the domestic economy.

(8c)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Increased Consumer Prices: Tariffs lead to higher prices for imported goods, which can directly impact consumers. When tariffs are imposed, the cost of imported products rises, and domestic consumers may have to bear the burden of these increased prices. This can reduce consumers’ purchasing power and potentially lead to decreased overall welfare.

(ii) Retaliation and Trade Wars: Imposing tariffs can trigger retaliatory measures from other countries. When one country raises tariffs, other countries may respond by imposing their own tariffs on the original country’s exports. This can escalate into a trade war, where trade barriers increase on both sides, harming global economic growth and stability.

(iii) Reduced Efficiency and Productivity: Tariffs disrupt international supply chains and hinder the efficient allocation of resources. They can discourage the use of imported inputs, which may be more cost-effective or of higher quality than domestic alternatives. This can reduce overall productivity, increase production costs, and limit the competitiveness of domestic industries in the global market.

(iv) Negative Impact on Exporters: Tariffs can harm industries reliant on exporting their products. When a country imposes tariffs on imports, it can trigger retaliatory actions, reducing demand for the country’s exports. This can adversely affect export-oriented industries, leading to job losses, decreased revenues, and economic difficulties for those relying on international trade.

(v) Distortion of Comparative Advantage: Tariffs can distort comparative advantage, which is the principle that countries specialize in producing goods and services in which they have a relative advantage. By protecting domestic industries through tariffs, resources may be diverted from sectors where the country has a competitive edge to less efficient industries. This can hinder overall economic efficiency and limit potential gains from trade.

(vi) Consumer Choice and Innovation: Tariffs limit the variety and availability of imported goods, leading to reduced consumer choice. Domestic industries that are protected by tariffs may face less pressure to innovate and improve their products since they face less competition. This can hinder technological progress, limit market dynamism, and slow down overall economic development.

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The questions below are the WAEC 2023 Economics Practice Questions. Go through them and be ready to score high in your WAEC 2023 Economics Examination.

1. Developments outside a given firm that reduce the firm’s costs are called
A. internal economics
B. external economics
C. external diseconomies
D. optimum effects

ANSWER: B (external economics)

2. If at 10K per kg, 1000kg of yam were purchased, the resultant point elasticity of demand is
A. 0.33
B. 0.0001
C. 1
D.10000

ANSWER: C (1)

3. A situation in which all inputs are doubled and output also doubles is known as
A. constant proportions
B. increasing returns to scale
C. constant returns
D. constant returns to scale.

ANSWER: D (constant returns to scale)

More WAEC Economics Questions and Answers Loading…

See:

• WAEC English Questions and Answers
• WAEC Marketing Questions and Answers
• WAEC Civic Education Questions and Answers

WAEC Economics Essay (Theory)

1. The table below represents a traveller’s consumption of bottles of Coca-Cola. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow:-

No. of Bottles	Total Utility	Marginal Utility
1.	15	15
2.	29	F
3.	42	13
4.	D	12
5.	65	G
6.	75	H
7.	E	0

(a) Determine the missing figures D, E, F, G and H.
(b) Draw the demand curve for the traveller’s consumption of Coca-Cola.
(c) Explain the law of diminishing marginal utility as the basis for the slope of the traveller’s demand curve.

2. (a) Distinguish between economic activities and an economic system.
(b) Explain the following terms:
(i) Production;
(ii) Distribution;
(iii) Consumption.

3. (a) With the aid of a diagram, explain a minimum price.
(b) State any five measures by which a minimum price for an agricultural produce can be made effective.

4. (a) Describe the output method of measuring the gross domestic product of a country.
(b) How is the net national product at factor cost obtained from gross domestic product?
(c) State two problems associated with the output method.

WAEC Economics Essay and Objective 2023 (EXPO)

The above questions are not exactly 2023 WAEC Economics questions and answers but likely WAEC Economics repeated questions and answers.

These questions are for practice. The 2023 WAEC Economics expo will be posted on this page 30 minutes before the WAEC Economics examination starts. Keep checking and refreshing this page for the answers.

Tips on How to Pass WAEC Economics Questions

The following tips will help you to pass the upcoming WAEC Economics examination.

Have a Target and Work Towards Actualizing it 

You have decided to pass WAEC Economics 2023 and I am sure of that. Now, the next thing you should do is set targets.

You have told yourself, “I will score A in WAEC Economics 2023”, that’s not all. You need to plan on how to make it happen. Create a timetable and master plan to achieve your goals.

 Get the Recommended Textbook on Economics for 2023 WAEC Examination

Normally, WAEC recommends books for the examination. Apart from WAEC Literature where certain novels are compulsory, you are free to use any good Economics textbook to prepare for NECO 2023 exam.

Some textbooks are more difficult to understand. If you have any topic you are finding difficult to understand, then get a textbook that will simplify the topics and make life better for you.

 Do not Skip Economics Examples and Exercise you Will Come Across While Reading: 

Many candidates are fond of skipping exercises and even examples while studying textbooks. In fact, we like notebooks so much that we could ask, “can I read my notebook and pass WAEC Economics 2023?” Don’t be scared of attempting exercises in Economics. Face the challenges.

If you have any questions about the WAEC Economics Questions and Answers 2023, kindly drop your question in the comment box.

Last Updated on June 6, 2023 by Admin